O1-S04.03 Co-infection with sexually transmitted infections among Canadian street-involved youth 2001–2006
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Canadian street-involved youth are at greater risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), due to their increased vulnerabilities related to age, socioeconomic status, life course factors, and engagement in high risk behaviour such as sex trade. We present a risk factor analysis for those with single and multiple STIs, using the Enhanced Surveillance of Canadian Street Youth (E-SYS) data. Methods E-SYS is a cross-sectional surveillance system of street-involved youth (15–24 years). Participants from seven urban centres completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire and were tested for multiple sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections. For this analysis, data were restricted to five infections (HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis and HSV-2). Data from three cycles (2001–2006) were analysed to determine total number of infections per participant using an iterative tracker. Participants who indicated previous participation were excluded from the analysis to avoid double-representation. Results Of those who provided biological specimens (n=3823), 17.0% tested positive for one infection and 3.4% tested positive for two or more infections (Abstract O1-S04.03 table 1). Over half (15 of 28) of HIV-positive individuals were multiply-infected. Risk factors for multiple infections included older age (p=0.0449), being Aboriginal (p=0.0061; particularly females), being HIV infected (p=<0.0001), having a previous history of an STI (p=0.0144), pregnancy (p=0.0079), and reporting prostitution as the primary source of income (p=0.0028). Abstract O1-S04.03 Table 1 Single and multiple STI in the enhanced street youth surveillance population Chlamydia Gonorrhoea Syphilis HSV-2 HIV Chlamydia 268(7.98%) Gonorrhoea 42(1.26%) 17(2.35%) Syphilis 2(0.07%) 2(0.07%) 3(0.09%) HSV2 72(2.78%) 19(0.74%) 4(0.14%) 348(12.20%) HIV 4(0.15%) 0(0.00%) 1(0.03%) 14(0.50%) 13(0.44%) Tested overall 3357 3339 3190 2852 2951 Total # of individuals infected 375 69 10 442 28 Prevalence overall 11.17% 2.07% 0.56% 15.50% 0.95% * Same-infection crosses represent single infections. %’s based on individuals tested for both infections. An individual may be counted more than once if they have more than two infections. Conclusions The prevalence of certain STI co-infections (eg, chlamydia and gonorrhoea) is high among street-involved youth and within this population, certain sub-groups may be more vulnerable to these co-infections. Continued efforts are required to promote comprehensive STI testing among street-involved youth and to raise awareness of the potential for multiple infections.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".