Subacute and Chronic Effects of Quinapril on Cardiac Cytokine Expression, Remodeling, and Function After Myocardial Infarction in the Rat
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines have been shown to have many cardiotoxic effects and to be activated in patients who have had a myocardial infarction (MI). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been shown to have multiple beneficial effects after MI, but until now, their effects on cardiac cytokine expression were unknown. It was hypothesized that ACE inhibitors reduce cardiac cytokine expression and that this is associated with improved cardiac remodeling and hemodynamics. Rats had an MI created by coronary artery ligation and ACE inhibitors were started either early (day 1) or late (day 25) after MI and followed for a total of 28 days after MI. In the early-post-MI group, quinapril improved cardiac hemodynamics, improved ventricular remodeling, and prevented the increase in the expression of several cardiac cytokines (interleukin-1beta and -6) and reduced the cardiac expression of other cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-5). The late introduction of quinapril (for 3 days) resulted in similar beneficial hemodynamic effects, and reductions in cardiac cytokines but did not result in improved cardiac remodeling. Thus, following MI, ACE inhibitors reduce cardiac cytokine expression both chronically and subacutely, an effect that may contribute to their beneficial effects after MI.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".