VITAMIN D LEVELS, VITAMIN D INTAKE AND SUNLIGHT EXPOSURE IN PEDIATRIC MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: Studies have shown that adult multiple sclerosis (MS) patients tend to have insufficient vitamin D levels and vitamin D may have a positive immunoregulatory effect in MS. There are no studies of vitamin D in children with MS. Methods: We recruited 23 pediatric MS patients and 40 healthy controls between January and March 2005. Serum levels of 25(OH)-vitamin D, calcium and parathyroid hormone levels were measured and a diet and lifestyle questionnaire was administered. Patients with serum 25(OH)-vitamin D levels below 70 nmol/L were considered to be vitamin D insufficient and patients with levels below 30 nmol/L were considered vitamin D deficient. Results: The mean age of MS patients was 14.69yrs (SD=2.74) compared to 12.38yrs (SD=3.19) for healthy patients. In MS patients, the mean 25(OH)-vitamin D was 53.04 nmol/L (SD=22.27), which did not significantly differ from the mean 25(OH)-vitamin D of healthy patients (45.83 nmol/L (SD=18.71)). Over 80% of MS patients and 90% of healthy patients were vitamin D insufficient, while 25% of MS and 8% of healthy patients were vitamin D deficient. Vitamin D supplementation (400–1000 IU/day) was reported by 48% of MS patients, of whom 64% were vitamin D insufficient. In the healthy cohort, 28% were taking vitamin D supplementation (400 IU/day), of whom 10% were vitamin D insufficient. Analysis of the demographic data and sunlight exposure questionnaires is pending. Conclusion: We report an alarmingly high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in both pediatric MS and healthy patients in a northern climate. Vitamin D insufficiency occurred despite standard vitamin D supplementation. These results require further validation but they suggest that vitamin D insufficiency may be a major public health concern in Canada. Further studies on the impact of vitamin D insufficiency in MS are also required.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".