Structural Study of the Li–Mn–Ni Oxide Pseudoternary System of Interest for Positive Electrodes of Li-Ion Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Solution-based combinatorial samples of lithium manganese nickel oxide were synthesized and studied by X-ray diffraction in order to map out the entire pseudoternary system. The samples were made by heating to 800 °C in an oxygen atmosphere, and two cooling methods were tested: quenching and a slower cooling rate. This article focuses on the areas of the Gibbs triangle that lie between the layered and spinel structures as well as the single-phase layered region. The layered region is much larger than previously reported in the literature, and lattice parameters throughout the solid solution are reported. The complex coexistence region includes a two-phase region as well as two 3-phase regions. Supporting evidence demonstrating the 3-phase regions and careful identification of their corners is included here. The 3-phase regions also undergo a transformation during slow cooling that can be attributed to high entropy phases no longer being favored. In order to confirm that the findings for the small combinatorial samples are relevant to bulk samples, we present XRD patterns from a few bulk samples synthesized in oxygen as well as some heated in air. The results show that though the boundaries in the phase diagram move with synthesis conditions, the main features of the coexistence regions remain the same.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".