Silage Fermentation of PM‐ and AM‐Cut Alfalfa Wilted in Wide and Narrow Swaths
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentration in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) increases by cutting in the afternoon (PM) and wilting in wide swaths but the impact of this greater concentration during silage fermentation is not well known. We determined if increased NSC concentration associated with PM‐cutting and wide swathing is maintained during fermentation and whether it affects conservation attributes of wilted alfalfa silages. The cutting time effect was measured in spring growth and summer regrowth of 2007 and 2008 (Experiment 1) while the combined effect of cutting time and swathing type was measured in spring growth and summer regrowth of 2008 (Experiment 2). Alfalfa was field wilted [≈390 g dry matter (DM) kg −1 fresh matter] and ensiled in mini‐silos. Differences in alfalfa NSC concentration at ensiling (10 to 36 g kg −1 DM) due to PM‐cutting combined or not with wide swaths were reduced during silage fermentation to between 0 and 15 g kg −1 DM mostly through a reduction in soluble carbohydrate concentration. When NSC concentration differences at ensiling were > 10 g kg −1 DM, silage conservation attributes were improved with lower pH (−0.2 to −0.4), greater concentrations of lactate (+8 to +20 g kg −1 DM), and lower concentrations of volatile fatty acids (−8 to −11 g kg −1 DM) and NH 3 –N (−6 to −11 g kg −1 total N). Improved silage conservation attributes along with a greater residual starch concentration from NSC‐enriched alfalfa has the potential to improve milk production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".