Biotic response to riparian disturbance in head-water streams in British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Five forest disturbance regimes (wildfire, mountain pine beetle (MPB), commercial harvest, and two sets of references) were investigated to determine transitive effects on aquatic ecosystems in fifteen headwater streams in the southern interior of British Columbia. The particular focus for this study was aquatic macro-invertebrates and their trophic resources (forest litter, periphyton, and particulate organic matter). At each site, sampling occurred three times over the summer and fall of 2009, across a one-hundred meter reach. Disturbances resulted in clear alterations of canopy coverage and litter loading. The two canopy consuming disturbances (fire and harvesting) showed marked decreases in their proportional canopy coverage. Litter loading in MPB was significantly greater, while fire streams’ litter loading was directly related to canopy coverage, and significantly less than reference sites. Periphyton mean growth was unrelated to disturbance; however inter-stream variance was reduced in the burned systems and increased in the MPB systems. Macro-invertebrate measurements were not different across disturbances, however, abundances and biomass did exhibit different temporal interactions with the Montane Spruce disturbances. Abundances of invertebrate functional feeding groups were unrelated to their food resource, and did not differ across disturbance type. Invertebrate diversity measurements were also similar across disturbance regime. While aquatic ecosystems were generally robust in response to riparian disturbance events in this study, we were able to uncover slight differences across disturbance regimes. The temporal and spatial findings in this paper are of particular importance as they illustrate differences between MPB and salvage logging effects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".