Development and Method Validation for the Determination of Nitroimidazole Residues in Salmon, Tilapia and Shrimp Muscle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of nitroimidazoles in aquacultured fish has been banned in many countries due to the suspected mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of these compounds. In response to the need to conduct residue testing of these compounds in fish, a simple, rapid, and sensitive method was developed and validated that is suitable for regulatory monitoring of nitroimidazole residues and their hydroxy metabolites in fish muscle tissue. Following solvent extraction of homogenized tissue and clean-up using a C18 SPE cartridge, analyses were conducted by ultra-performance UPLC-MS/MS. A precursor ion and two product ions were monitored for each of the parent compounds and metabolites included in the method. The validated method has an analytical range from 1 to 50 ng/g in the representative species (tilapia, salmon, and shrimp), with an LOD and LOQ ranging from 0.07 to 1.0 nglg and 0.21 to 3.0 nglg, respectively, depending on the analyte. Recoveries ranged from 81 to 124% and repeatability was between 4 and 17%. HorRat values were within typical limits of acceptability for a single laboratory. Working standards were stable for 12 months, extracts were stable for 5 days, and tissues for 2 months under appropriate storage conditions. This method was determined to be suitable for routine use for screening, quantification, and confirmation of nitroimidazole residues in a residue monitoring program for fish with regulatory oversight.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".