Gallop-like Gait Pattern In Human Side Stepping
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Human locomotion is not only forward and backward, we can move sideward as well. Different from forward locomotion, an asymmetric gait pattern was sometimes preferred in side stepping, however, no studies have investigated human sideward locomotion. PURPOSE: To clarify the sideward gait pattern on a treadmill. METHODS: Six male participants were asked to step sideward on a treadmill. The treadmill speed was increased between 1.3 and 6.1 km/h in 0.3 km/h steps of 20s duration each. Participants performed three trials. Participants were instructed to use their preferred gait patterns at all times, and not to cross each foot. No feedback was given on time and speed. Foot contact and take-off timings were visually inspected by using a 300-fps video camera. P1 and P2 were proportions of double support or flight phase (P1: proportion of the time from the trailing foot contact to the leading take-off, P2: proportion of the time from the leading foot contact to the trailing take-off) to the entire stride period. Relative phase was an index of gait symmetry defined as the time from the trailing foot contact to the leading foot contact relative to the entire stride period. RESULTS: A walk-like gait pattern with double support (positive P1 and P2) and symmetric foot contact (relative phase: 0.52±0.03 at 2.2 km/h) was observed in all the participants for the treadmill speed of ∼3.5±0.5km/h (mean±SD). As the treadmill speed increased, five of the six participants showed an asymmetric gallop-like gait pattern. For example, P1 and P2 and relative phase were -0.16±0.03, 0.15±0.01 and 0.35±0.01 at 6.1km/h. On the other hand, over 4.0±0.2km/h the other one showed a symmetric run-like gait pattern. For example, P1 and P2 and relative phase were -0.21±0.01, -0.11±0.01 and 0.46±0.01 at 6.1km/h. CONCLUSIONS: In five out of the six participants, an asymmetric gait pattern was observed and similar to galloping, which is naturally used by quadrupeds at high speeds. Because of the restricted lateral range of motion of the hip and knee joint, the roles of accelerating and decelerating the center of mass might have to be distributed into the trailing and leading limbs, which results in the observed gallop-like asymmetric sideward locomotion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".