Non-Coupables! Le Non-refoulement, les Assurances diplomatiques et la réinstallation des Acquittés des juridictions pénales internationales dans leurs pays d’origine (Not Guilty: The Non-Refoulement, Diplomatic Assurances and the Relocation of Those Acquitted by International Criminal Tribunals in Their Home Countries)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
French Abstract: Cet article traite d'une question tres peu etudiee mais qui est desormais bien connue comme etant l’un des plus grands defis actuels de la justice penale internationale, soit la relocalisation des acquittes dans leurs pays d'origine. Il commence par une simple constatation factuelle sur les differences contextuelles entre la situation au TPIY, au TPIR et a la CPI tout en analysant les questions juridiques entourant leur retour (proces inequitables, securite personnelle, double incrimination) avant de laisser place a une discussion dialectique sur l'applicabilite meme du non-refoulement aux organisations internationales. Des entites juridiques non-etatiques – telles la CPI et le TPIR en tant qu'organe subsidiaire du Conseil de securite des Nations unies – peuvent-elles etre legalement tenues responsables pour renvoi d'une personne acquittee dans son pays ou sa vie et sa securite personnelle seraient menacees en raison de ses opinions politiques ou de son appartenance a un groupe particulier? L'article identifie les assurances diplomatiques comme une avenue possible tout en enumerant les indicateurs et les conditions de validite de telles assurances.English Abstract: This article addresses an issue henceforth well-known as one of the most topical challenges international criminal justice is subject to: the relocation of acquitted in their home countries. It starts with a mere factual finding on the contextual differences between the situation at the ICTY, the ICTR and the ICC while analyzing the legal issues surrounding returning home (unfair trials, personal safety, double jeopardy) before leaving room to a gripping and dialectical discussion on the applicability of the non-refoulement to international organizations. Are legal non-state entities – such as ICC and ICTR as a subsidiary body of the UN Security Council – legally liable for returning an acquitted person back to his country where his life would be threatened because of his political opinions or his membership to a particular group? The article identifies diplomatic assurances as a possible avenue, while listing the indicators and the conditions of validity of such assurances.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.019 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".