Kinetics and Properties of Asphaltene Adsorption on Surfaces
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was used to probe asphaltene adsorption on gold surfaces and hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica particles. The adsorption studies were conducted with solutions of various ratios of pentane solvent to model oil (S/O) and asphaltene concentrations. The adsorption of asphaltenes on solid surfaces at different S/O showed multilayer deposition without reaching equilibrium after 16 h. Adsorption of asphaltenes and other components on the surfaces were detectable well below the onset of precipitation. The amount of material adsorbed increased significantly after the onset of precipitation. Adsorption was more pronounced on the gold surface than on the silica particles. The swelling of the asphaltene aggregates on the surface of the quartz crystal led to restructuring of the adsorbed material on the surfaces, depending on the S/O. For S/O > 0, the swelling effect suggested open nanoaggregate or polymer brush structure. The adsorbed asphaltenes demonstrated more viscoelastic behavior as S/O was increased. The kinetics of the adsorption of asphaltenes on gold at room temperature suggested the formation of very large, slowly diffusing aggregates, even in toluene. These results were not consistent with optical microscopy or other methods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".