Diabatization Schemes for Generating Charge-Localized Electron–Proton Vibronic States in Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A scheme for the rigorous construction of charge-localized diabatic electron-proton vibronic states for proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions is presented. The diabatic electronic states are calculated using an adiabatic-to-diabatic transformation designed to ensure that the first-order nonadiabatic couplings with respect to a specified one-dimensional reaction coordinate vanish exactly. This scheme is applied to both symmetric and asymmetric PCET systems with several different one-dimensional reaction coordinates, including the hydrogen transfer coordinate, a normal mode coordinate, and the intrinsic reaction coordinate. This approach is also extended to describe the three-dimensional motion of the transferring hydrogen. The diabatic electronic states exhibit relatively invariant charge distributions along the reaction coordinate and are in excellent agreement with the analogous states obtained from the generalized Mulliken-Hush and Boys localization methods. Furthermore, these diabatic electronic states are combined with the associated proton vibrational wave functions to generate charge-localized electron-proton vibronic states that describe one- or three-dimensional hydrogen motion. These electron-proton vibronic states can be used to calculate the vibronic couplings, rate constants, and kinetic isotope effects of PCET reactions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".