Odds Ratio Product of Sleep EEG as a Continuous Measure of Sleep State

Why is this work in the frame?

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

Full frame distilled prediction

Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

Candidate categories

none

Consensus categories

none

Domain

Candidate signal: noneConsensus signal: none

Study design

Candidate signal: Bench or experimentalConsensus signal: Bench or experimental

Genre

Candidate signal: EmpiricalConsensus signal: Empirical

Teacher disagreement score

0.196

Threshold uncertainty score

0.944

Validation status

machine_predicted_unvalidated · codex-gemma-dda1882f352a

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Teacher spread

0.248 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work

Validation status

score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Abstract

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate an algorithm that provides a continuous estimate of sleep depth from the electroencephalogram (EEG). DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of polysomnograms. SETTING: Research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: 114 patients who underwent clinical polysomnography in sleep centers at the University of Manitoba (n = 58) and the University of Calgary (n = 56). INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Power spectrum of EEG was determined in 3-second epochs and divided into delta, theta, alpha-sigma, and beta frequency bands. The range of powers in each band was divided into 10 aliquots. EEG patterns were assigned a 4-digit number that reflects the relative power in the 4 frequency ranges (10,000 possible patterns). Probability of each pattern occurring in 30-s epochs staged awake was determined, resulting in a continuous probability value from 0% to 100%. This was divided by 40 (% of epochs staged awake) producing the odds ratio product (ORP), with a range of 0-2.5. In validation testing, average ORP decreased progressively as EEG progressed from wakefulness (2.19 ± 0.29) to stage N3 (0.13 ± 0.05). ORP < 1.0 predicted sleep and ORP > 2.0 predicted wakefulness in > 95% of 30-s epochs. Epochs with intermediate ORP occurred in unstable sleep with a high arousal index (> 70/h) and were subject to much interrater scoring variability. There was an excellent correlation (r(2) = 0.98) between ORP in current 30-s epochs and the likelihood of arousal or awakening occurring in the next 30-s epoch. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the use of the odds ratio product (ORP) as a continuous measure of sleep depth.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

The record

Venue

SLEEP

Topic

Sleep and Wakefulness Research

Field

Neuroscience

Canadian institutions

Foothills Medical CentreResearch Manitoba

Funders

not available

Keywords

ElectroencephalographySleep (system call)Odds ratioAudiologyMeasure (data warehouse)Sleep StagesPolysomnographyOddsPsychologyMedicinePsychiatryLogistic regressionComputer scienceInternal medicineData mining

Has abstract in OpenAlex

yes

API

/api/v1/works/W2328739070