Effect of Temperature on the Surface Tension of 1-Hexanol Aqueous Solutions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper describes the effect of temperature on the surface tension and adsorption kinetics of 1-hexanol aqueous solutions. The experiments were performed in a closed chamber where both liquid and vapor phases coexisted, and the surface tension was influenced by a combination of liquid and vapor phase adsorption. The surface tension of 1-hexanol aqueous solutions at steady-state was found to decrease upon an increase in temperature, and a linear relationship was observed between them. The modified Langmuir equation of state and the modified kinetic transfer equation were used to model the experimental data of the steady-state and dynamic (time-dependent) surface tension, respectively. The equilibrium constants and adsorption rate constants were evaluated through nonlinear regression for temperatures ranging from 10 to 35 °C. From the steady-state modeling, the equilibrium constants for adsorption from vapor phase and liquid phase were found to increase with temperature. From the dynamic modeling, the adsorption rate constants for adsorption from vapor phase and liquid phase were found to increase with temperature too. Small deviations from the experimental data have been observed in the dynamic modeling. These deviations may be due to the experimental errors or more likely the limitations of the model used.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".