Swelling and Thermoresponsive Behavior of Linear versus Cyclic Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) Thin Films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polymer topology and reduced dimensions can have a significant impact on the properties and phase transitions of polymeric films with thicknesses below a few hundred nanometers. We study the impact of these effects in the case of thin films of cyclic and linear poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) exposed to water vapor. Specifically, we monitor the swelling kinetics of the thin PNIPAM films, their interfacial interactions, and their LCST-type demixing phase transition, using white light interferometry and X-ray reflectivity. As the film thickness decreases, the swelling ratio increases, presumably due to the increasingly dominant effect of polymer/substrate interactions. The time constants of the swelling process depend on both the film thickness and the PNIPAM topology. Consistent with earlier observations for PNIPAM solutions, in thin swollen films of comparable concentration, cyclic PNIPAM exhibits a broader and thus less cooperative demixing transition than the linear PNIPAM counterpart.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".