Bibliographic record
Abstract
Geomagnetic storms, during which the Earth's magnetic field is disturbed, cause the beautiful natural phenomenon of the aurora borealis, or 'northern lights', but they also pose a threat to technological systems such as power transmission networks. For example, during the major geomagnetic storm of March 1989 the Canadian Hydro Quebec power system failed. This power outage lasted for nine hours and affected six million people with damage and losses estimated at hundreds of millions of dollars. This massive disruption was due to equipment failure caused by induced electrical currents flowing in the power grid as a direct consequence of a severe geomagnetic disturbance. Operational mitigation is considered one of the best strategies to minimise this kind of risk. This poster describes recent developments towards a new, near-real-time, geomagnetic storm warning system based on spacecraft measurements of the solar wind, British Geological Survey (BGS) magnetic field measurements, and an integrated Earth-surface electric field and power grid network model. This system is being developed for use by Scottish Power plc, with support of the European Space Agency (ESA/ESTEC) to aid grid control management.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.022 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".