Divergent reproductive life histories in Haida Gwaii stickleback (<i>Gasterosteus</i>spp.)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To assess intraspecific variability in fecundity of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L., 1758) as a test of life-history trade-offs, we quantified egg traits, morphological characters, and habitat variables in 43 allopatric and morphologically diverse populations from Haida Gwaii off the west coast of Canada. Mean mature egg size and total egg count (12 eggs per female and 8 gravid females per locality) were both positively and significantly correlated with standard length (SL) of the fish (r = 0.58 and 0.84, respectively). Egg size was ∼10% larger in freshwater localities than in similar-sized stickleback in adjacent marine localities (P < 0.02). Multiple regression and Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) analyses of residual egg size against morphological and lake habitat variables yields a negative correlation with lake pH (partial r = –0.34, P < 0.05) and no association with lake size, aquatic spectra, gill raker number, defense armor, or predation regime. Relative to stickleback from continental regions, Haida Gwaii stickleback life histories appear to be K-shifted (large but few eggs) possibly because of cool temperatures, low aquatic productivity, low community diversity, predation regime, and occasional iteroparity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".