Calcination-Induced Phase Transformation and Accompanying Optical Luminescence of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes: An X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structures and X-ray Excited Optical Luminescence Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vertically grown TiO 2 -nanotubes (TiO 2 -NT) on a Ti metal substrate synthesized by electrochemical anodization followed by calcination have been studied using X-ray absorption near-edge structures (XANES) and X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL). It is found that the TiO 2 -NT system undergoes a series of phase transformations from amorphous (as-prepared) to anatase (400 °C) to rutile (>600 °C); the phase and morphology transformation is accompanied by unusual light-emitting properties, which are strongly dependent upon the crystal phase and morphology controlled by calcination temperatures, i.e. the as-prepared TiO 2 -NT exhibits no luminescence, whereas the anatase phase exhibits green luminescence, and an intense near-IR emission dominates in the rutile phase. The implications of these observations are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".