Calcination-Induced Phase Transformation and Accompanying Optical Luminescence of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes: An X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structures and X-ray Excited Optical Luminescence Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vertically grown TiO 2 -nanotubes (TiO 2 -NT) on a Ti metal substrate synthesized by electrochemical anodization followed by calcination have been studied using X-ray absorption near-edge structures (XANES) and X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL). It is found that the TiO 2 -NT system undergoes a series of phase transformations from amorphous (as-prepared) to anatase (400 °C) to rutile (>600 °C); the phase and morphology transformation is accompanied by unusual light-emitting properties, which are strongly dependent upon the crystal phase and morphology controlled by calcination temperatures, i.e. the as-prepared TiO 2 -NT exhibits no luminescence, whereas the anatase phase exhibits green luminescence, and an intense near-IR emission dominates in the rutile phase. The implications of these observations are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".