Flavonoid Dimers as Novel, Potent Antileishmanial Agents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study found that synthetic flavonoid dimers with either polyethylene glycol linker or amino ethyleneglycol linker have marked leishmanicidal activity. Compound 39 showed very consistent and promising leishmanicidal activity for both extracellular promastigotes (IC₅₀ ranging from 0.13 to 0.21 μM) and intracellular amastigotes (IC₅₀ = 0.63 μM) irrespective of the drug-sensitivity of parasites. Moreover, compound 39 displayed no toxicity toward macrophage RAW 264.7 cells (IC₅₀ > 100 μM) and primary mouse peritoneal elicited macrophages (IC₅₀ > 88 μM). Its high value of therapeutic index (>140) was better than other highly potent antileishmanials such as amphotericin B (therapeutic index = 119). Compound 39 is therefore a new, safe, and effective antileishmanial candidate compound which is even effective against drug-refractory parasites.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".