DAVID CURTIS WRIGHT. From War to Diplomatic Parity in Eleventh-Century China: Sung's Foreign Relations with Kitan Liao. (History of Warfare, volume 33.) Boston: Brill. 2005. Pp. xi, 287. $167.00
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Published on the millennium anniversary of the Treaty of Shan-yuan, David Curtis Wright's book appropriately commemorates the sworn oath and covenant between two strong rulers from two empires that clashed in eleventh-century Inner and East Asia. At that historic moment, the Chinese Sung dynasty (960–1276) and the Turko-Mongol Kitan Liao (916–1125) were equal in military strength and diplomatic infrastructure, if not in economic wealth, ethnicity, and size of population. When the Sung was founded in 960, Liao had already declared a state and created an empire that claimed the sixteen Chinese prefectures (including Beijing) and the Korean state of Parhae. The accumulated military hostility between Sung and Liao led to a critical stalemate in January 1005, when continued warfare would have devastated both empires. The Liao emperor, leading an invasion force and accompanied by the clear-headed empress dowager and an astute negotiation team, had arrived at Shan-yuan, only a hundred kilometers from the Sung capital of Kai-feng. The Sung emperor and his capable advisors were also at Shan-yuan to halt the Liao advance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.025 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".