Hydrogeophysical Investigation of a Rock Glacier
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Predictions are that the Rocky Mountains of Canada will receive less snow, more rain and have more potential evapotranspiration as the climate warms. The reduction in snow pack means that late summer flows from alpine systems will depend on the groundwater cycle of recharge and release from storage. In order to understand groundwater storage and release processes, we need to understand the contribution of different hydrologic landscape units. In this talk, we present results of a hydrogeophysics study of a rock glacier in the Helen Creek watershed located in Banff National Park, Alberta. As Helen Creek passes the rock glacier, the temperature declines 6°C, the electrical conductivity increases from 105 to 120 mS/cm and the flow increases by 35%. The changes occur in the region of a spring that discharges from the base of the rock glacier. The rock glacier occupies only 5% of the watershed contributing areas so we hypothesize that rock glaciers play an important role in the storage and late summer release of groundwater in alpine valleys. Electrical resistivity tomography, ground penetrating radar, seismic refraction tomography and surface temperature data have been collected over the rock glacier to help delineate the bedrock surface, establish groundwater flow paths and to identify any remnant ice in the rock glacier.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".