Kinetics of Esterification of Phenylacetic Acid with <i>p</i>-Cresol over H-β Zeolite Catalyst under Microwave Irradiation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Heterogeneous esterification of phenylacetic acid with p -cresol over H-β zeolite was studied without using any solvent. Experiments were designed, conducted, and analyzed to study the effect of two different types of heating on the reaction yield. Primarily, the comparison was made between using the microwave irradiation and conventional heating. Microwave irradiation was found to be superior to conventional heating in terms of yields of ester for short reaction periods. The effects of reaction parameters such as catalyst amount, mole ratio of reactants, reaction time, reaction temperature, and water removal were investigated under microwave heating to optimize ester yield. Conversion of phenylacetic acid was studied at different temperatures, and the kinetics of the reaction was modeled using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) model. The corresponding model parameters were estimated by using nonlinear least-squares method. The reaction parameters thus obtained were used to evolve simulated values of conversion. Experimental values were found to be in very good agreement with the simulated values as evident from regression coefficient value of 0.987.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".