Kinetics of Esterification of Phenylacetic Acid with <i>p</i>-Cresol over H-β Zeolite Catalyst under Microwave Irradiation
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Heterogeneous esterification of phenylacetic acid with p -cresol over H-β zeolite was studied without using any solvent. Experiments were designed, conducted, and analyzed to study the effect of two different types of heating on the reaction yield. Primarily, the comparison was made between using the microwave irradiation and conventional heating. Microwave irradiation was found to be superior to conventional heating in terms of yields of ester for short reaction periods. The effects of reaction parameters such as catalyst amount, mole ratio of reactants, reaction time, reaction temperature, and water removal were investigated under microwave heating to optimize ester yield. Conversion of phenylacetic acid was studied at different temperatures, and the kinetics of the reaction was modeled using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) model. The corresponding model parameters were estimated by using nonlinear least-squares method. The reaction parameters thus obtained were used to evolve simulated values of conversion. Experimental values were found to be in very good agreement with the simulated values as evident from regression coefficient value of 0.987.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it