Timothy Yield and Nutritive Value under Climate Change in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Timothy ( Phleum pratense L.) is a dominant forage grass in Canada but its performance under projected future climate conditions has not been evaluated. This study combined the grass model CATIMO (Canadian Timothy Model) with baseline (1961–1990) and projected future (2040–2069) climate scenarios to assess the response of timothy to climate change at 10 sites across Canada. Projected future conditions are expected to have the following effects on timothy: (i) earlier growth onset (10‐site average: –21 d; range: –4 to –40 d), date of first harvest (–15 d; –11 to –25 d), and date of second harvest (–20 d; –17 to –29 d), along with a later end to the growing season (+12 d; 0 to +18 d); (ii) increased dry matter (DM) yield at first harvest (+355 kg ha –1 ; –917 to +826 kg ha –1 ) but decreased DM yield at second harvest (–427 kg ha –1 ; +47 to –936 kg ha –1 ); (iii) increased neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration at first harvest (+22 g kg –1 DM; –22 to +94 g kg –1 DM) but a small decrease (–3 g kg –1 DM; +7 to –30 g kg –1 DM) at second harvest; and (iv) decreased NDF digestibility at first harvest (–6 g kg –1 NDF; +7 to –30 g kg –1 NDF) and second harvest (–23 g kg –1 NDF; –11 to –35 g kg –1 NDF). The longer growing season (+581°C‐d to +1219°C‐d) is expected to result in an additional harvest by 2040 to 2069.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".