Using a Concha Electrode to Measure Response Patterns Based on the Amplitudes of Cochlear Microphonic Waveforms Across Acoustic Frequencies in Normal-Hearing Subjects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Brief Objectives: Compared to a conventional click-evoked cochlear microphonic (CM) in an electrocochleogram, a tone-burst evoked CM waveform (CMW) is unconventional and the frequency band is narrower. Furthermore, compared to conventional CM measurement techniques such as the use of a tympanic or a canal electrode, the use of a concha electrode is the least invasive and an unconventional technique in the measurement of CMs. Finally, compared to CM responses measured by conventional approaches, the response pattern obtained from the amplitude of far-field recorded CMWs across acoustic frequencies is unconventional. Our objective is to combine these three unconventional elements together into a unique approach, which may provide potential benefits for clinical diagnosis and cochlear research. Design: Using a concha electrode, CMWs in response to a 14 msec tone burst were recorded in seven normal-hearing subjects. The CMW amplitudes recorded over different acoustic frequencies were compared to each other to produce a frequency response pattern. Results: Two features were observed in the response pattern: the CMW amplitude decreased upon an increase in frequency of a tone burst stimulus, and the decrease occurred faster at lower frequencies than at higher frequencies. Conclusions: We confirmed a measurable CMW response pattern using the concha electrode. We propose that the pattern’s features may be partly due to variation along the cochlea of the activities and volume of hair cells and possibly also the physical properties of the basilar membrane. The clinical importance of these results may be related mainly to seven features of the CMW, including electrode locations, response patterns, inclusion of low frequencies, and uniqueness of CMWs (versus otoacoustic emissions, auditory brainstem responses, shorter stimulus, and audiograms). Limitations, such as signal to noise ratio, also exist. After further study, the concha electrode may be used in the clinic and in research, and the response pattern may be used to interpret the CMW measurement. Compared to conventional click-evoked cochlear microphonics (CMs), 14-msec long toneburst-evoked CM waveforms (CMWs) are unique as their band is much narrower (i.e., more frequency-specific). Such CMWs could be recorded using a concha electrode, which is unique as it is less invasive than a conventional tympanic or a canal electrode. Combining the concha electrode with CMWs is interesting as it allows measuring CMW response patterns, which is also unique. In normal hearing subjects, CMW amplitudes decrease with frequency faster at high than low frequencies. This pattern may serve as a norm or a foundation for further studies on abnormal hearing subjects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".