Population-based epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal infection in children in nine urban centers in Canada, 1994 through 1998
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To describe the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal infections in Canadian children 0 to 12 years old. METHODS: At each of nine urban centers, active surveillance was conducted to identify all cases of invasive pneumococcal infection in children during 1994 to 1998. Postal codes were used to distinguish cases resident in defined urban areas from referral cases. Census data were obtained for each defined area to calculate age-specific incidence rates. Features of population-based cases were described. RESULTS: From an average defined population of approximately 1 million children, 937 eligible cases arose. Those 6 to 17 months old had the highest average incidence rate of 98.6/100 000/year. The average cumulative risk of infection was 1 in 460 between birth and 59 months, by which age 92% of cases had occurred. Among cases younger than 2 years of age, simple bacteremia accounted for 66%, pneumonia with bacteremia accounted for 14.7% and meningitis accounted for 11% (average incidence rate, 9.0/100 000/year). An underlying illness was present in 16% of all cases. The mortality rate was 1.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Invasive pneumococcal infections are relatively common in early childhood, based on 5 years of data from nearly 20% of the Canadian population ages 0 to 12 years. These data will be valuable for calculating the economic case for universal infant vaccination with newly available vaccines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".