Abstract B115: Plasma insulin-like growth factor 1, binding protein-3, and risk of prostate cancer: An update from the Health Professional Follow-up Study 1993–2004
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background: The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis plays a role in growth and progression of prostate cancer cells. A pooled analysis concluded that high circulating IGF-1 is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. Some studies have indicated that the positive association is observed only for low-grade prostate cancer with a Gleason sum below 7. Results for IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) are inconclusive. Material and Methods: We previously reported in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) a direct positive association between ELISA-measured plasma IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 and risk of prostate cancer (462 cases diagnosed after providing a blood specimen in 1993, but before February 1998). With additional follow-up through January 31st 2004, and 1331 case-control pairs in total, we were now able to investigate low-grade (Gleason sum <7, n= 635) and high-grade (Gleason sum ≥7, n=515) prostate cancer separately. In addition, we investigated potential effect modification by age at diagnosis, family history of prostate cancer and dietary lycopene, which, beyond acting as an anti-oxidant, may inhibit prostate cancer by interfering with IGF-1 signaling. Matched odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Results: ORs of total prostate cancer comparing top to bottom quartiles were 1.41 (95% CI 1.12–1.78, p-trend=0.001) for IGF-1 and 1.58 (95% CI 1.24–2.01, p-trend=0.003) for IGFBP-3. These results did not change remarkably when cases diagnosed within the first two years after blood draw were excluded. IGF-1 was more strongly associated with low-grade (OR=1.61 top versus bottom quartile, 95% CI 1.16–2.25, p-trend=0.01), than with high-grade (OR=1.29, 95% CI 0.89–1.88, p-trend-0.12) prostate cancer (p-heterogeneity=0.08). With IGFBP-3, significant positive associations were observed for both low-grade (OR=1.83 top versus bottom quartile, 95% CI 1.29–2.61) and high-grade (OR=1.60, 95% CI 1.08–2.37) prostate cancer (p-heterogeneity=0.84). We did not observe heterogeneous effects of IGF-1 or IGFBP-3 by age at diagnosis (</≥65 years), tomato sauce intake (≤/>2 servings/week) or plasma lycopene (</≥1123 mol/L, corresponding to 75th percentile in controls). The association between IGF-1 and total prostate cancer was slightly stronger among men with positive family of prostate cancer (OR per standard deviation in IGF-1 1.15, 95% CI 1.01–1.31) than in those without family history of prostate cancer (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.99–1.13, p-interaction=0.03). Conclusion: This large nested case-control study provides further evidence that IGF-1 may be preferentially associated with low-grade prostate cancer. We hypothesize that this observation reflects that high-grade prostate cancers are more autonomous, and, thus, less sensitive to IGF-1 levels than low-grade cancers. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):B115.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".