Determination of Three-Phase Boundaries of Solvent(s)–CO<sub>2</sub>–Heavy Oil Systems under Reservoir Conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The liquid–liquid–vapor (L 1 L 2 V) phase boundaries of solvent(s)–CO 2 –heavy oil systems under reservoir conditions are experimentally and theoretically determined. Experimentally, the L 1 L 2 V phase boundaries of one CO 2 –heavy oil mixture, one C 3 H 8 –CO 2 –heavy oil mixture, and one n -C 4 H 10 –CO 2 –heavy oil mixture in the pressure–temperature ( P – T ) diagram are determined using a versatile pressure–volume–temperature ( PVT ) setup. The addition of an alkane solvent to the CO 2 –heavy oil system tends to expand the pressure and temperature span of the L 1 L 2 V phase boundary, while the L 1 L 2 V phase boundary of the solvent(s)–CO 2 –heavy oil system shows its tendency to move toward the high-temperature and low-pressure region of the P – T diagram. Theoretically, the previously developed binary interaction parameter (BIP) correlations for CO 2 –heavy oil binary, C 3 H 8 –heavy oil binary, and n -C 4 H 10 –heavy oil binary are incorporated into the Peng–Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) to determine the three-phase boundaries of the above-mentioned systems. The PR EOS with a modified α function and the BIP correlations is found to provide a generally good prediction of the experimentally measured L 1 L 2 V phase boundaries of the solvent(s)–CO 2 –heavy oil systems under reservoir conditions.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".