Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article reviews the published literature for topical anesthetics that have been used for pain relief during minor gynecological procedures. EMLA (an eutectic mixture of the local anesthetics, lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%), which is the best-studied topical anesthetic, produces effective analgesia for superficial surgical procedures after application for 5 to 10 minutes and has been extensively studied in various procedures including removal of genital warts, vulval biopsy, laser treatment of CIN lesions, and hysteroscopy. EMLA is well tolerated and provides good pain relief for procedures involving the surface tissues such as removal of genital warts and hysteroscopy. For procedures involving deeper tissues, EMLA reduces the pain of local anesthetic injection. Other topical anesthetics, such as lidocaine gel and spray, benzocaine 20% gel, mepivacaine solution, tetracaine solution, and cocaine spray, have been less extensively studied in these indications, and benefits seem to be limited. Target Audience: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians Learning Objectives: After completion of this article, the reader will be able to list the various topical anesthetics studied for use in minor gynecologic procedures and to identify the efficacy of each solution in providing analgesia for minor gynecologic procedures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.030 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".