In-Situ Synthesis of High Voltage Cathode Li<sub>2</sub>FeMn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub> in Garnet Scaffold for Solid State Battery Application
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction The safety concern of Li-ion batteries due to the potential leakage and the flammability of the electrolyte severely hinders applications. The emergence of all-solid-state batteries, consisting of solid state electrodes and solid state ionic conductor electrolyte, will solve this safety problem because it eliminates the problematic liquid electrolytes. One key issue that needs to be addressed in constructing such a battery is the contact between electrode and electrolyte. Different from liquid electrolytes that can submerge the cathodes, it is difficult for solid state electrolyte to have a sufficient touch with electrodes. A common cathode-side fabrication method is to mix the electrolyte powder with cathode powder and electronically conductive materials, yielding a point-to-point contact. This contact configuration limits the number of effective pathways of li-ion diffusion, therefore hurts the performance of the battery. solves the aforementioned problems. Starting with precursor solutions, reactants are homogenously mixed at a molecular level, and are much easier to get into the scaffold than powders. Additionally, in-situ synthesis allows the high voltage cathode material to adhere to the surface of the electrolyte scaffold, yielding a face-to-face contact. This enlarges contact area, creating more pathways for Li-ion diffusion and improves the conductivity between the cathode and the electrolyte. Experimental Methods The high voltage cathode Li2FeMn3O8 (LFMO) is synthesized by glycine-nitrate combustion. Precursor solution containing metal nitrates and glycine with an optimized ratio is infiltrated into the porous garnet electrolyte scaffold. After drying at 300℃ combustion takes place. The pellet is subsequently annealed at 700℃ to achieve the desired LFMO phase. Finally, carbon nanotube ink is infiltrated to the scaffold to form a conductive network over the cathode. Results Fig. 1a shows a schematic of the cathode. With the conductive network and improved contact of cathode and electrolyte, it is expected to have an improved performance. As is shown in Fig. 1b, the cathode adheres to the surface of the scaffold, forming a face-to-face contact. The LFMO cathode has been tested in LFMO/Li coin cell with LiPF6/ FEC electrolyte. Fig.2 a) gives the XRD spectrum of the cathode prepared by glycine-nitride combustion method. The spectrum matches with JCPDS#48-0258, indicating a Li2FeMn3O8 phase. Fig.2 b) shows the cycling performance of the cathode. It can be seen from the voltage profile of the tested cell that LFMO has two plateaus at around 4.1V and 4.9V, with capacity being 104mAh/g.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".