Catalytic Activity of Various 5 wt % Ni/Ce<sub>0.5</sub>Zr<sub>0.33</sub>M<sub>0.17</sub>O<sub>2−δ</sub>Catalysts for the CO<sub>2</sub>Reforming of CH<sub>4</sub>in the Presence and Absence of Steam
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Catalysts derived from ceria–zirconia-based ternary oxide supports by impregnation with nickel, and having a nominal composition of 5 wt % Ni/Ce 0.5 Zr 0.33 M 0.17 O 2−δ (where M is either a transition (Ts) metal, non-Ts metal, or inner-Ts metal), were prepared and evaluated for the CO 2 reforming of CH 4 in the presence and absence of steam. The textural, structural, redox, physicochemical, and surface characteristics of the supports as well as whole catalysts were correlated with catalyst activity for the CO 2 reforming of methane in the presence and absence of steam, in an attempt to evaluate the potential of the existence of structure/activity relationships (SARs). The results show that a higher oxygen storage capacity (OSC), pore volume/surface area, reducibility, nickel dispersion and surface nickel content lead to an increase in the activity of the catalysts for the above processes. Among the various catalysts tested, the 5 wt % Ni/Ce 0.5 Zr 0.33 M 0.17 O 2−δ catalyst formulations, with M = Ca, La, and Y, exhibit the highest activity for CO 2 reforming of CH 4 both in the presence and in the absence of steam for the reason that they exhibited the overall highest values of the identified characteristics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".