Ozonation of endogenous residue and active biomass from a synthetic activated sludge
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Coupling the activated sludge and the ozonation processes is an efficient, although expensive, solution for sludge reduction. A better knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the degradation of various sludge fractions by ozone is needed to optimize the coupled process. The objectives of this study were to determine the biodegradability of ozone-solubilized endogenous residue, the action of ozone on the active biomass and the solubilization yield of these two main sludge fractions. Batch tests were conducted with slug input of ozone stock solution into fresh or aerobically digested synthetic sludge. Biodegradability of the solubilized endogenous residue was increased by ozonation by up to 0.27 g BOD5/g CODi. Ozone caused biomass lysis, as opposed to an increase in maintenance needs, as shown by a correlation between the decrease in microbial activity and viability. Lysis caused by ozonation was associated with a solubilization of 20% of the lyzed cell COD mass. Solubilization yields were of 9.6 and of 1.9 to 3.6 g COD/g O3 for fresh and aerobically digested sludge, respectively. Design of sludge ozonation processes should account for the variability between the solubilization yield and biodegradability of the various sludge fractions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".