Lateral Talar Station
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The sagittal relationship of the talus to the tibial shaft can prove invaluable to the orthopedist in understanding and effectively treating ankle pathologies such as ligamentous laxity and ankle arthritis. Any useful radiographic analysis tool to assess the lateral position of the talus must be employable reliably in the clinical setting. Previously published measurements to assess the lateral translational relationship of the talus relative to the tibial axis may not be available in the clinical setting or may be subject to significant inaccuracies. We have defined a sagittal talar position measurement (lateral talar station; LTS), which we postulated could be used reproducibly on clinical radiographs by the orthopedist to define the position of the talus as it relates to the anatomic tibial axis. In addition, we defined the normal range of the LTS measurement. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of patients (121 ankles, 104 patients) who presented to our clinic with foot pain between 2005 and 2011 was evaluated for inclusion in the study. Exclusion criteria included patients with ankle trauma, instability, prior ankle surgery, or radiographic evidence of ankle osteoarthrosis. The final cohort consisted of 82 ankles. The LTS was measured digitally for each subject on weight-bearing lateral ankle radiographs by 3 observers. The mean LTS and standard deviation was determined for the entire cohort. In addition, as a means of validating our methodology, we performed an assessment of interobserver and intraobserver reliability in terms of the LTS measurements. RESULTS: The LTS measurements for the entire cohort fit a Gaussian distribution with a mean of 1.17 mm (SD = 0.9893 mm). Interobserver intraclass coefficients for 2 observers (medical student and radiologist) and intraobserver intraclass coefficients for 1 reader (orthopaedic surgeon) indicated excellent reliability, being above 0.9. CONCLUSION: The LTS was a reliable measure that could be used on weight-bearing lateral ankle radiographs to define sagittal position of the talus in a clinical setting. The normal distribution for the LTS was described in our study population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, case series.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".