Preferential Amplification and Stutter Observed in Population Database Samples using the Ampf<i>l</i>STR Profiler™ Multiplex System
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACTThis paper reports the prevalence as well as the magnitudes of preferential amplification and stutter in the AmpF/STR Profiler™ DNA typing system based on data compiled from 319 single-source database samples. At all nine loci, over 96% of heterozygous genotypes showed greater than 60% peak height concordance between alleles. Peak height concordance lower than 50% was observed only at the CSF1PO (45%), D7S820 (46%) and amelogenin (36%) loci. Stutter was most often observed at the D3S1358 locus (78.0% of genotypes), however, vWA demonstrated the greatest mean percent stutter (7.1% of true allele peak height). Stutter was least often detected at THO1 (3.4% of genotypes). Stutter greater than 15% of the true allele height was not observed in this study. Concordance and stutter data collected using peak area is included to demonstrate similarity to peak height data.RÉSUMÉCet article décrit la prédominance ainsi que l'ampleur des phénomènes d'amplification préférentielle et de pics décalés ("stutter") dans le système de typage d'ADN AmpF/STR Profiler™, tel qu'observé dans 319 échantillons à source unique provenant d'une banque de données. Sur les 9 loci, plus de 96% des génotypes hétérozygotes présentent une concordance de plus de 60% entre la hauteur des allèles. Une concordance de moins de 50% entre la hauteur des allèles fut observée seulement avec les loci suivants: CSF1PO (45%), D7S820 (46%) et l'amélogenine (36%). Des pics décalés furent observés le plus fréquemment avec le locus D3S1358 (78% des génotypes); cependant, le locus vWA démontra le rapport moyen entre pic décalé et vrai allèle le plus élevé (7.1% de la hauteur du vrai allèle). Des pics décalés furent détectés le moins souvent au locus THO1 (3.4% des génotypes). Un rapport entre pic décalé et vrai allèle supérieur à 15% n'a pas été observé lors de cette étude. Des données sur la concordance et les pics décalés, calculées avec l'aire des pics sont aussi inclues afin de démontrer la ressemblance avec les données obtenues en utilisant la hauteur des pics.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".