Preferential Amplification and Stutter Observed in Population Database Samples using the Ampf<i>l</i>STR Profiler™ Multiplex System
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper reports the prevalence as well as the magnitudes of preferential amplification and stutter in the AmpF/STR Profiler™ DNA typing system based on data compiled from 319 single-source database samples. At all nine loci, over 96% of heterozygous genotypes showed greater than 60% peak height concordance between alleles. Peak height concordance lower than 50% was observed only at the CSF1PO (45%), D7S820 (46%) and amelogenin (36%) loci. Stutter was most often observed at the D3S1358 locus (78.0% of genotypes), however, vWA demonstrated the greatest mean percent stutter (7.1% of true allele peak height). Stutter was least often detected at THO1 (3.4% of genotypes). Stutter greater than 15% of the true allele height was not observed in this study. Concordance and stutter data collected using peak area is included to demonstrate similarity to peak height data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".