Intestinal Transport of Pure Diester-type Alkaloids from an Aconite Extract across the Caco-2 Cell Monolayer Model
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aconitine (AC), mesaconitine (MA), and hypaconitine (HA) are the active alkaloids identified in aconite tuber, an important traditional Chinese medicine. The study is aimed to investigate their intestinal transport profiles and potential interaction during the intestinal absorption using the Caco-2 cell monolayer model. All three alkaloids had good permeability with P(app) values greater than 1 × 10 (-6) cm · s (-1). However, AC, MA, and HA in a mixture and as an extract, in both cases with the same content of alkaloids, showed higher transport efficiency in the apical to basolateral, and lower transport efficiency in the basolateral to apical directions. Digoxin, as a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate, was substantially effluxed in the basolateral to apical direction but inhibited by the three alkaloids. Furthermore, the backwards transport of MA and HA was inhibited by the P-gp inhibitor verapamil. These observations indicated that the three alkaloids may not only be P-gp inhibitors but also its substrates; they interact with each other and can potentially enhance their own bioavailability when taken concomitantly.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it