Impact of Household Plumbing Materials on Trace Metal Levels in Drinking Water in Regina, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A study was initiated in the City of Regina, Canada to investigate the effect of plumbing material on the drinking water quality. Three rounds of sampling were conducted during November, 1994 to January 1995. Over a hundred residents participated in this study for each of the sampling rounds. Approximately 600 violations of Canadian drinking water guidelines (CDWG) maximum allowable concentration (MAC) levels were observed during the study. Violation of the MAC levels was noted to be the maximum during the first round. The effect of the area of the city on the heavy metal concentration in the drinking water samples was significant. The sampling round or the month of sampling had a significant effect on the heavy metal concentration. The effect of the type of dwelling was not significant on the metal concentration found in the drinking water. Plumbing age and the material of plumbing had a significant effect on the leaching of the heavy metals in the drinking water samples in each of the three rounds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".