Pediatric Metastatic Sacrococcygeal Chordoma Treated with Surgery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Sacrococcygeal chordomas are extremely rare tumors, especially in the pediatric population [ 1 ]. These neurogenic tumors arise from the nucleus pulposus (notochord remnant) and account for less than 1% of all primary spinal tumors [ 2 ]. The prognosis is poor with death most commonly due to local invasion and recurrence [ 3 ] [ 4 ]. In the pediatric population, chordomas are believed to behave like a more aggressive variant [ 2 ] with shorter survival times and a shorter time to disease metastasis [ 4 ]. A review of the literature on pediatric sacrococcygeal chordomas has revealed less than 25 cases, going back to the first case reported in 1910 [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ]. [ Table1 ] outlines the important characteristics of each case in the literature for which results were reported. Notably, only 7 patients developed metastatic disease [ 13 ] [ 14 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ] [ 17 ] [ 18 ] [ 19 ], and only 3 patients were found to have metastatic disease at the time of presentation [ 13 ] [ 14 ] [ 17 ]. Table 1 Characteristics of Pediatric Sacrococcygeal Chordomas. Authors Cases Age Metastasis (at presentation Y/N) Treatment Status Argaud, M.R. and Lestrade, A. 18 1 14 mo. liver (Y) surgery dead 82 months Montgomery, A.H. and Wolman, I.J. 19 3 3 yr lungs (Y) supportive dead 9 days after admission 3.5 mo. N surgery non-resectable, dead POD 23 22 mo. N surgery+radiation non-resectable, decrease in size with rad. Rosenqvist, H. and Saltzman, G. 21 1 4 yr lungs (N) rad.+surgery+rad. incomplete resection, local recurrence, repeat resection, dead at 1 year Worthy, T.S. 20 1 5 yr liver (N) surgery ×3+radiation dead 18 months Richards, A.T., Stricke, L. and Spitz, L. 22 2 1 yr3 yr NN radiationsurgery+radiation dead 3 monthsdead 2 months Dutton, R.V. and Singleton, E.B. 23 1 newborn N surgery alive at 17 yrs Prignitz, R. and Tauber, R. 24 1 3 yr lung (Y) none dead 1 month after presentation Garofalo, E., Minerva, A. and Baltieri, G. 25 1 19 mo. inguinal nodes (N) supportive dead 7 days after admission Nix, W.L., Steuber, C.P., Hawkins, E.P. and Stenback, W.A. 26 1 1 day N surgery – Azzarelli, A. 13 1 2 yr – – – Kozlowski, K. 27 1 12 yr lung, bone (N) – – Cable, D.G. and Moir, C. 28 1 12 yr N surgery alive at 6 months
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".