Harmonically Tuned Continuous Class-C Operation Mode for Power Amplifier Applications
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the broadband class-C mode of operation, termed the “continuous class-C”, which is an extension of a standard class-C design but with the optimum fundamental and second harmonic terminations now forming a continuous arrangement of load impedances on the Smith chart. With the generic drain current waveform depending on the amplifier conduction angle, and by using the well-established continuous class-B (class-J) voltage waveforms, a set of closed-form equations for the fundamental and second harmonic impedances are derived. These provide a wide impedance design space to realize broadband class-C power amplifiers (PAs) with the constant output power, gain and efficiency over a significant bandwidth. The continuous class-C mode is subdivided into low- and high-power modes for which load impedance, output power and drain efficiency ratios are found and compared to those of the continuous class-B. New design spaces are graphically shown for both class-C modes. The proposed continuous class-C concepts are validated experimentally with on-wafer load pull measurements of an integrated 8×50 μm, ~ 1 W, 20 V GaN MMIC transistor. The proposed theory is also applied in simulations of power amplifiers operating in continuous class-B and continuous class-C modes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it