Population-based Study of Medulloblastoma: Outcomes in Alberta from 1975 to 1996
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine incidence, survival rate, and prognostic factors as well as the frequency of Collins' Law Violators (CLVs) in an unselected population of medulloblastoma patients. Collins' Law dictates that 'cure' of a child with a tumor occurs after a period that includes the child's age at diagnosis plus 9 months. METHODS: Using the Alberta Cancer Registry a population-based review identified 49 patients with medulloblastoma (19 adults, 30 children) diagnosed from 1975-96. Pathology was reviewed in all cases. All patients had surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy in 47 patients and chemotherapy in 17. RESULTS: The overall 5-year survival was 50%. There was a trend for the extent of resection to be associated with a longer survival (Long rank test, p < 0.06) but this was not significant. Tumor recurrence occurred a median of 22.4 months (range, 6.4-192.3) after diagnosis and median survival after recurrence was 9.3 months (range, 0.4-64.9). The survival curve did not appear to plateau but was affected by tumor-related deaths in 3 (21.4%) of the 21 long-term survivors diagnosed in childhood. These three patients had recurrences a mean of 11.7 years after diagnosis and are designated as CLVs. CONCLUSIONS: The survival rate in an unselected population of patients with medulloblastoma is poor. Aggressive resection of the tumors prolongs survival. The Collins' Law Violators were relatively common and we suggest this concept be abandoned in medulloblastoma.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".