Microwave Absorption Capability of High Volatile Bituminous Coal during Pyrolysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The microwave absorption capability of an eastern high volatile bituminous coal from West Virginia was investigated by measuring the dielectric properties from room temperature to ∼900 °C in ultrahigh purity (UHP) argon, at both 915 and 2450 MHz. The dielectric properties remain relatively constant below 500 °C. As the temperature continues to increase, however, the relative dielectric constant and loss factor increase dramatically. This is due to the release of volatiles, resulting in the increased electrical conductivity and higher microwave loss. The calculation of microwave penetration depth shows that the pyrolysis process significantly improves the microwave absorption capability of the coal at high temperatures. The calculated reflection losses of the coal sample suggest that the maximum microwave absorption with the reflection losses of −41.25 dB and −32.54 dB can be obtained for the coal having thicknesses of 0.14 and 0.20 m at 915 and 2450 MHz, respectively. The sample dimension has a significant effect on the overall performance of microwave absorption of coal during pyrolysis and thus on the efficiency of microwave coal pyrolysis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".