Intra-septal infusions of excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists have differential effects in two animal models of anxiety
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ablation or pharmacological inhibition of the septum produces anxiolytic-like effects in two animal models of anxiety: the elevated plus-maze and the shock-probe burying tests. Overall, these results suggest that the septum normally plays an excitatory role in the control of anxiety-related behaviors. The purpose of the present study was to examine this hypothesis in more detail, by testing the effects of intra-septal infusions of excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptor antagonists on rats' behavior in the shock-probe and plus-maze tests. We found that intra-septal infusions of the non-NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid) receptor antagonist CNQX (5 microg) suppressed open-arm avoidance in the plus-maze test, and reduced burying behavior in the shock-probe test, without affecting rats' normal avoidance of the shock-probe. In contrast, intra-septal infusions of the NMDA receptor antagonist AP-5 (5 microg) inhibited both shock-probe avoidance and burying behavior, without affecting rats' open-arm avoidance. These dissociations suggest that different EAA receptor types within the septum exert complex but distinct control of different anxiety-related behaviors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".