A New Amphipathic, Amino-Acid-Pairing (AAP) Peptide as siRNA Delivery Carrier: Physicochemical Characterization and in Vitro Uptake
Bibliographic record
Abstract
RNA interference has emerged as a powerful tool in biological and pharmaceutical research; however, the enzymatic degradation and polyanionic nature of short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) lead to their poor cellular uptake and eventual biological effects. Among nonviral delivery systems, cell-penetrating peptides have been recently employed to improve the siRNA delivery efficiency. Here we introduce an 18-mer amphipathic, amino-acid-pairing peptide, C6, as an siRNA delivery carrier. Peptide C6 adopted a helical structure upon coassembling with siRNA. The C6-siRNA coassembly showed a size distribution between 50 and 250 nm, confirmed by dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy. The C6-siRNA interaction enthalpy and stoichiometry were 8.8 kJ·mol(-1) and 6.5, respectively, obtained by isothermal titration calorimetry. A minimum C6/siRNA molar ratio of 10:1 was required to form stable coassemblies/complexes, indicated by agarose gel shift assay and fluorescence spectroscopy. Peptide C6 showed lower toxicity and higher efficiency in cellular uptake of siRNA compared with Lipofectamine 2000. Fluorescence microscopy images also confirmed the localization of C6-siRNA complexes in the cytoplasm using Cy3-labeled siRNAs. These results indicate high capabilities of C6 in forming safe and stable complexes with siRNA and enhancing its cellular uptake.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".