Reducing geosmin off-flavor compounds and waste outputs through dietary phosphorus management in rainbow trout aquaculture
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aquaculture industry has long recognized the need to reduce phosphorus (P) waste outputs associated with environmental impact, and reduce off-flavor producing compounds, which can impact the quality of the fish product. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of dietary high P (HP) and low P (LP) on growth, nutrient digestibility, P retention, and P loading as well as their correlation to the synthesis of geosmin-associated off-flavor in a recirculating aquaculture system of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The above diets were fed to quadruplicate tanks of rainbow trout (average mass +/- SD: 127.4 +/- 3.1 g) for 84 d. Results showed that the effects of the HP and LP diets on growth and P retention were not significantly different. While the apparent digestibility of P and other nutrients were higher in fish fed the LP diet, P waste outputs and geosmin levels in the fillets of fish were higher in fish fed the HP diet. Magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+) and zinc (Zn2+) concentrations in tank water were significantly lower in fish fed the HP diet than the LP diet in most of the sampling events. Furthermore, the tank water geosmin concentration was not strongly proportionally correlated with tank water-soluble P concentration for both the LP and HP diets. There was a strong proportional linear relationship between the geosmin concentration in tank water and in trout fillet for both the LP and HP diets. Results suggest that off-flavor contents in fish fillets and water were related to the dietary P level and metabolic P waste outputs into the system, findings that have implications for the formulation of sustainable diets for rainbow trout.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it