Naloxone-precipitated withdrawal causes an increase in impulsivity in morphine-dependent rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Opiate dependence is associated with increased impulsivity in both humans and animals. Although the state of withdrawal appears to contribute to this effect, a causal relationship has not been shown. Here, we test whether precipitating withdrawal in morphine-dependent rats through naloxone can cause increased impulsivity. Rats were trained on a delay discounting task and then randomly assigned to either a dependent group that received a nightly 30 mg/kg subcutaneous dose of morphine or a naive group that received nightly saline. Once dependence was established, 2-day test delay discounting curves were determined 1 h after three doses of naloxone (0, 0.25, 0.5 mg/kg). In dependent rats both doses of naloxone caused increased preference for the small reward at short delays. Naloxone had no effect on delay discounting in naive rats. We conclude that precipitating withdrawal in dependent rats can cause increased impulsivity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".