Boston Type 1 KPro ‐ Multicenter study outcomes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Purpose To report indications and outcomes from a multicenter study on the Boston Type 1 keratoprosthesis (Kpro). Methods Kpro data was collected and analyzed at a central collection site. Kpro survival and visual acuity are the main outcomes measured. Results 324 Boston Type 1 Kpro implants (310 patients) from 19 surgeons were included. The average age was 63.2±18.7 years, 47.6% female, 53.0% right eyes. The average number of penetrating keratoplasties (PKP) prior to kPro insertion was 1.9±1.5 (range 1‐8). Pre‐operative diagnosis was divided into 3 different categories: “chemical” (32 eyes), “autoimmune” (39 eyes with either Stevens Johnson Syndrome [SJS] or Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid [OCP]), “other” (n=188), and “unknown etiology” (n=65). The mean preoperative logMAR visual acuity was 1.77±0.62 (48.1%; n=156 eyes); 32.4% hand motion and 14.2% of light perception. Average follow‐up time was 16.3±14.6 months (range 0.7 – 59.4). The overall retention rate was 92.0% (n=298). Median survival time (months) was 60.9 (autoimmune), 99.1 (chemical), & 139.3 (other). The median survival time for patients with autoimmune disease was significantly lower than for other diagnoses (p<0.0001). Among eyes with at least 1 year of follow‐up (135 eyes), overall Kpro retention was 90.4%. Mean visual acuity (n=151 eyes) was significantly improved to 0.78±0.58 logMAR units after one year of follow‐up (p<0.0001). The retention rate observed in autoimmune patients (71.8%, p<0.0001) followed by chemical (93.8%), “other” (93.1%) & “unknown” (100%). Conclusion The Boston Type 1 KPro appears to be a viable option for eyes that are not candidates for PKP however caution should be used in eyes with a history of SJS or OCP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".