Sub-chronic and Trophic Effects of TBT and DBT in American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) has been used as antifouling in ship paints and directly released into marine environment for many decades. TBT and its metabolites dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT) are known to cause multiple toxic stresses to aquatic organisms at cellular and ecosystem levels. In the current study, the marine fish American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) was used to investigate TBT and DBT bioaccumulation and to evaluate its morphological effects after trophic and sub-chronic exposure doses. Four groups of seven male and female mature fish were separated in four tanks (control, TBT, TBT water quality control and DBT groups), and exposed by food to four and eight doses of TBT and DBT (30 ng g–1 each three days, corresponding respectively to 12 and 24 days of exposure). After four and eight doses, three animals were anesthetized from each tank and liver, spleen and posterior kidney were sampled for histopathological studies and muscle for chemical analysis. Chemical results showed that only TBT was bioaccumulated in muscle with a decreasing rate after 24 days. Necrotic areas were observed in liver and vacuolated cells and cellular deposit were found within renal tubules for both TBT and DBTexposed groups although DBT and MBT were not detected in fish muscle.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".