Detailed experimental investigation of the aeroacoustic field around a Controlled-Diffusion airfoil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study presents the first set of experiments with the Controlled-Diffusion (CD) airfoil in the newly-built anechoic wind-tunnel at Universite de Sherbrooke. Velocity measurements in the latter show very uniform mean flow and low turbulence level (0.4 %) up to 56 m/s in the 30 cm square nozzle exit section. Acoustic and velocity measurements have been carried out at several flow velocities and angles of attack. Three distinct flow regimes are observed. At high angle of attack and high velocity the usual broadband noise signature found in the Ecole Centrale de Lyon anechoic wind tunnels is recovered. At low angle of attack, the power spectral density of the microphone signal is dominated by a primary tone with secondary tones, typical of Tollmien-Schlichting noise radiation. This dominant tone is also recovered in the power spectral density of the flow velocity signal. Signal processing tools (spectrogram and bicoherence) are used to investigate the presence of the secondary tones. Two tonal regimes can then be distinguished: one stationnary and one intermittent where some tones disappear intermittently and are formed by a non-linear process. Finally, two parallel microphone arrays associated with high resolution imaging is used to localize the noise sources at the primary tone frequency, which are found at the airfoil trailing edge. At this low frequency, the L1-GIB algorithm is clearly seen more efficient than classical beamforming.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".