Investigation of Effects of the Cosolvent Methanol on the Apparent Solubility of a Suite of Chlorobenzenes Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cosolvent effects have historically been considered as negligible at cosolvent spiking concentrations below 1 %. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was used to determine the effect of the cosolvent methanol (MeOH) on apparent solubility of three chlorobenzenes (CBs) (1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene, pentachlorobenzene, and hexachlorobenzene). All CBs exhibited a ln-linear decreasing relationship between cosolvent volume fraction and extracted mass. However, there were no statistical differences in measured headspace CB concentration at cosolvent additions of 1 % or less compared to controls. This study validated the use of MeOH volumes of 1 % and lower for batch studies using HS-SPME. Ninety-six hour incubation studies using 0.01 %, 10 %, and 100 % MeOH treatments demonstrated chemical losses from headspace vials through time. Declines were greatest for 0.01 % MeOH treatments and nonsignificant for vials containing 100 % MeOH. The silanization of vials using 5 % DCMCS was unsuccessful in reducing chemical loss; therefore potential loss processes must be further investigated prior to using the HS-SPME method for incubated treatments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".