Redox Chemistry of Selenenic Acids and the Insight It Brings on Transition State Geometry in the Reactions of Peroxyl Radicals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The redox chemistry of selenenic acids has been explored for the first time using a persistent selenenic acid, 9-triptyceneselenenic acid (RSeOH), and the results have been compared with those we recently obtained with its lighter chalcogen analogue, 9-triptycenesulfenic acid (RSOH). Specifically, the selenenyl radical was characterized by EPR spectroscopy and equilibrated with a phenoxyl radical of known stability in order to determine the O-H bond dissociation enthalpy of RSeOH (80.9 ± 0.8 kcal/mol): ca. 9 kcal/mol stronger than in RSOH. Kinetic measurements of the reactions of RSeOH with peroxyl radicals demonstrate that it readily undergoes H-atom transfer reactions (e.g., k = 1.7 × 10(5) M(-1) s(-1) in PhCl), which are subject to kinetic solvent effects and kinetic isotope effects similar to RSOH and other good H-atom donors. Interestingly, the rate constants for these reactions are only 18- and 5-fold smaller than those measured for RSOH in PhCl and CH3CN, respectively, despite being 9 kcal/mol less exothermic for RSeOH. IR spectroscopic studies demonstrate that RSeOH is less H-bond acidic than RSOH, accounting for these solvent effects and enabling estimates of the pKas in RSeOH and RSOH of ca. 15 and 10, respectively. Calculations suggest that the TS structures for these reactions have significant charge transfer between the chalcogen atom and the internal oxygen atom of the peroxyl radical, which is nominally better for the more polarizable selenenic acid. The higher than expected reactivity of RSeOH toward peroxyl radicals is the strongest experimental evidence to date for charge transfer/secondary orbital interactions in the reactions of peroxyl radicals with good H-atom donors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".