Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mechanical characteristics of earth dams and levees, such as settlement, permeability, and strength, can be affected by internal erosion in the forms of piping and suffusion. This paper reports a preliminary experimental study on the changing mechanical characteristics (permeability, consolidation) with the progression of suffusion of a sandy soil. The internal erosion tests are conducted using a triaxial apparatus. The pedestal of the triaxial cell is modified to allow seepage and eroded soil particles to exit the specimen into an effluent tank. The seepage is induced in the specimen by controlled constant hydraulic gradient. The eroded soils are collected in the effluent tank so that the erosion rate and extent can be measured. Variations of the specimen's permeability and volume during the erosion are recorded. With approximately 5.5% fines in the sand, the test suggests that suffusion can occur and cause soil settlement. Suffusion of finer particles may also clog the downstream soil layer and results in permeability reduction. Suffusion and volume reduction gradually diminish relatively quickly to an un-measurable level after 4hr of seepage through the soil under a hydraulic gradient of approximately 20.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".