Complex Wave Function Reconstruction and Direct Electromagnetic Field Determination from Time-Resolved Intensity Data
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a reference-free robust method for the nondestructive imaging of complex time-evolving molecular wave functions using as input the time-resolved fluorescence signal. The method is based on expanding the evolving wave function in a set of bound stationary states and determining the set of complex expansion coefficients by calculating a series of Fourier integrals of the signal. As illustrated for the A 1 ∑ u + electronic state of Na 2, the method faithfully reconstructs the time-dependent complex wave function of the nuclear motion. Moreover, using perturbation theory to connect the excitation pulse and the material expansion coefficients, our method is used to determine the electromagnetic field of the excitation pulse, thus providing a simple technique for pulse characterization that obviates the additional measurements and iterative solutions that beset other techniques. The approach, which is found to be quite robust against errors in the experimental data, can be readily generalized to the reconstruction of polyatomic vibrational wave functions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".