Theoretical and experimental approach to test the cohesion of calcium phosphate pastes
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that the ability of a calcium phosphate cement paste to harden in a physiological environment without desintegrating into small particles might be a key property to ensure a safe and reliable clinical use of calcium phosphate cements. However, this property called cohesion is not well understood and has not been studied extensively. The goal of the present study was to better understand which factors affect the cohesion of a calcium phosphate paste using the combination of a theoretical and experimental approach. In the theoretical approach, factors expected to influence the paste cohesion such as Van der Waals forces, electrostatic and steric interactions, as well as osmotic effects were listed and discussed. In the experimental approach, a new method to measure the cohesion of a non-setting calcium phosphate paste was presented and used to assess the effects of various factors on this property. The new method allowed a continuous measurement of cohesion and gave reproducible results. The experimental results confirmed the theoretical predictions: an increase of the liquid-to-powder ratio of the paste and of the powder particle size, as well as the addition of citrate ions and in limited cases dissolved xanthan polymer chains reduced the paste cohesion.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it